Abbreviations

A

A.A. — Automobile Association

A.A.F. — Auxiliary Air Force

A.A.P.S.O. — Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organization

A.A.R.R.O. — Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Organization

A.A.S.F. — Asian Amateur Swimming Federation

A.B.C. (Warfare) — Atomic, Biological and Chemical (Warfare)

A.B.U. — Asian Pacific-Broadcasting Union

A/c. — Account

A.C. — Alternating Current; Ashoka Chakra

A.C.U. — Asian Clearing Union

A.D. — Anno Domini; of the Christian era

A.D.B. — Asian Development Bank

A.D.E. — Aeronautical Development Establishment

A.D.G.E.S. — Air Defense Ground Environment System

A.E.C. — Atomic Energy Commission

A.G.F. — Asian Games Federation

A.G.O.C. — Asian Games Organizing Committee

A.H.Q. — Air Head Quarters; Army Head Quarters

A.I.C.C. — All India Congress Committee

A.I.D. — Agency for International Development

A.I.I.M.S. — All India Institute of Medical Sciences

A.I.L.T.A. — All India Lawn Tennis Association

A.I.N.E.F. — All India Newspapers Employee’s Federation

A.I.O.E. — All India Organization of Employers

A.I.T.U.C. — All India Trade Union Congress

A.M. — Ante meridian; (before noon)

A.M.C. — Army Medical Corps

A.M.I.E. — Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers

A.N.C. — African National Council

A.N.Z.U.S. — Australia, New Zealand and U.S. (Council)

A.O.P.E.C. — Arab Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

A.P.C. — Agricultural Prices Commission

A.P.H.L.C. — All Parties Hill Leaders’ Conference

A.R.F. — ASEAN Regional Forum

A.S.E.A.N. — Association of South East Asian Nations

A.S.W. — Anti-Submarine Warfare

A.S.R.B. — Agricultural Services Recruitment Board

A.T.S. — Applications Technology Satellite; Anti-Tetanus Serum

A.V.A.R.D. — Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development

A.V.S.M. — Ati Vishist Seva Medal

B

B.A. — Bachelor of Arts; British Academy

B.A.R.C. — Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

B.B.C. — British Broadcasting Corporation

B.C. — Before Christ

B.C.C.L. — Bharat Coking Coal Limited

B.C.G. — Bacillus Calmette Guerin—(Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine)

BENELUX — Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg—(a Customs Union)

B.I.S. — Bank of International Settlements

B.N.P. — Bangla Desh Nationalist Party

B.O.A.C. — British Overseas Airways Corporation

B.P.E. — Bureau of Public Enterprises

B.R.L. — Bharat Refineries Limited

B.S.F. — Border Security Force

B.S.S. — Bharat Sewak Samaj; Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (News Agency)

B.Th.U. — British thermal unit

C

CAMELS — Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity and Systems & Control

C.A.R.E. — Co-operative for American Relief Everywhere

C.A.S. — Chief of Army Staff; Chief of Air Staff

CASTASIA — Conference on the Application of Science and Technology in Asia

CAZRI — Central Arid Zone Research Institute

C.B.I. — Central Bureau of Investigation; Central Bank of India

C.C.I. — Cricket Club of India; Cement Corporation of India

CENTO — Central Treaty Organization

C.F.R.I. — Central Fuel Research Institute

C.G.S. — Chief of the General Staff

CHASNUPP — Chasma Nuclear Power Plant

C.I.A. — Central Intelligence Agency (of U.S.A.)

C.I.A.T. — Centro International the Agriculture Tropical

C.I.D. — Criminal Investigation Department

C. in C. — Commander-in-Chief

C.I.L. — Coal India Limited

C.I.T.U. — Centre of Indian Trade Unions

C.I.W.T.C. — Central Inland Water Transport Corporation

C.L.R.C. — Central Land Reforms Committee

C.M.A.L. — Coal Mines Authority (of India) Limited

C.N.S. — Chief of Naval Staff

C.O.F.E.P.O.S.A. — Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act

C.M.P.D.I.L. — Central Mines Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

C.P.I. — Communist Party of India

C.S.I.R. — Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

C.W.F. — Consumer Welfare Fund

D

D.A. — Dearness Allowance; Daily Allowance

D.A.E. — Department of Atomic Energy

D.A.V.P. — Directorate of Audio Visual Publicity

D.C. — Direct Current; Deputy Commissioner

D.C.L. — Doctor of Civil Law

D.D.A. — Delhi Development Authority

D.D.T. — Dichloro-Diphenyl Trichloro-ethane

D.L.O. — Dead Letter Office, District Livestock Officer

D.M. — District Magistrate

D.M.K. — Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

D.N.A. — De-oxyribonucleio acid

D.P.S.A. — Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft

D.Sc. — Doctor of Science

D.R.D.O. — Defense Research and Development Organization

E

E.A.R.C. — Economic Administration Reforms Commission

E.C.A. — European Co-operation Administration; Economic Co-operation Administration

E.C.A.F.E. — Economic Commission for Asia and Far East

E.C.I.L. — Electronics Corporation of India Limited

E.C.M. — European Common Market

ECOSOC — Economic and Social Council (U.N.)

E.C.U. — European Currency Unit

E.E.C. — European Economic Community

E.E.G. — Electro-encephalography

E.F.T.A. — European Free Trade Association

e.g. — Exempli-gratia (for example)

E.G.I. — Editors Guild of India

E. & O.E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted ex-officio By virtue of one’s office

E.R.D.A. — Energy Research and Development Administration

E.R.T.S. — Earth Resources Technology Satellite

E.S.A. — European Space Agency

E.S.C.A.P. — Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

E.S.R.O. — European Space Research Organization

EURATOM — European Atomic Energy Community

E.V.M. — Electronic Voting Machine

E.W.S. — Economically Weaker Sections

F

F.A.C.T. — Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd.

F.A.O. — Food and Agriculture Organization

F.B.I. — Federal Bureau of Investigation

F.C.I. — Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India

F.I.C.C.I. — Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

F.E.R.A. — Foreign Exchange Regulation Act

F.I.S.I. — Friends of India Society International

F.R.G. — Federal Republic of Germany

F.R.I. — Forest Research Institute

F.P.S. — Foot-Pound-Second (System)

F.R.C.P. — Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians

F.R.C.S. — Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons

F.T.I.I. — Film and Television Institute of India

G

G.A.T.T. — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

G.D.R. — German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

G.I.S.T. — Global Institute of Science and Technology

G.M.T. — Greenwich Mean Time

G.N.P. — Gross National Product

G.S.I. — Geological Survey of India

G.S.T.P. — Global System of Trade Preferences

H

H.A.C. — Hindustan Aluminum Corporation

H.A.D.P. — Hill Area Development Project

H.A.L. — Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

H.O.T. — Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

H.E.S.H. — High Explosive Squash Head (Anti-tank shell)

H.L.C. — Humanitarian Law Commission

H.M.T. — Hindustan Machine Tools

H.U.D.C.O. — Housing and Urban Development Corporation

I

I.A.A.I. — International Airport Authority of India

I.A.D.F. — International Agricultural Development Fund

I.A.E.C. — International Atomic Energy Commission

I.A.R.I. — Indian Agricultural Research Institute

I.A.S. — Indian Administrative Service

I.A.T.A. — International Air Transport Association

I.B.R.D. — International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

I.B.W.L. — Indian Board of Wild Life

I.C.A.O. — International Civil Aviation Organization

I.C.A.R. — Indian Council of Agricultural Research

I.C.A.R.D.A. — International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas

I.C.F.T.U. — International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

I.C.G.E.B. — International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

I.C.I.C.I — Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India

I.C.J. — International Court of Justice

I.C.D.S. — Integrated Child Development Services

I.C.M.R. — Indian Council of Medical Research

I.C.R.I.S.A.T. — International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics

I.D.P.L. — Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited

I.D.A. — International Development Association

I.E.A. — International Energy Agency

I.F.W.J. — Indian Federation of Working Journalists

I.G.N.C.A. — Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts

I.L.O. — International Labour Organization

I.L.P.I.C. — Industrial Licensing Policy Inquiry Committee

I.M.F. — International Monetary Fund

I.M.C.O. — Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization

I.N.S.A. — Indian Natural Science Academy

I.N.R.W.F. — Indian National Railway Workers’ Federation

I.N.M.A.S. — Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences

I.O.C. — International Olympic Committee

I.P.A. — Integrated Programme of Action (for Regional Co-operation between seven South Asian Countries)

I.R.D.A. — Insurance Regulatory Development Authority

I.R.D.P. — Integrated Rural Development Programme

I.R.R.I. — International Rice Research Institute

I.S.R.O. — Indian Space Research Organization

I.S.S.P. — Indian Scientific Satellite Project

I.T.D.C. — Indian Tourism Development Corporation

I.T.E.S. — Information Technology Enabled Services

I.T.U. — International Tele-Communication Union

I.V.R.I. — Indian Veterinary Research Institute

I.W.Y. — International Women’s Year

I.Y.C. — International Year of Child

I.Y.D.P. — International Year for Disabled Persons

J

JAL — Japan Air Lines

J.C.O. — Junior Commissioned Officer

J.R.C. — Joint Research Centre

K

KANU — Kenya African National Union

K.M.L.P. — Kisan Mazdoor Lok Paksh

K.M.T. — Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)

L

L.B.W. — Leg Before Wicket (in Cricket)

L.S.D. — Lysergic acid Diethylamide

M

M.A.M.C. — Mining and Allied Machinery Corporation

M.C.A. — Monetary Compensatory Account

M.C.C. — Marylebone Cricket Club (of England)

M.F.A.L.A. — Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency

M.I.C. — Monopolies Inquiries Commission

M.I.P. — Moon Impact Probe

M.L.A. — Member of the Legislative Assembly

M.L.C. — Member of the Legislative Council

M.M.T.C. — Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation

M.N.F. — Mizo National Front

M.P. — Member of Parliament

M.R.C.P. — Member of the Royal College of Physicians

MRTPC — Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission

M.S.A.R. — Macau Special Administrative Region

M.V.C. — Maha Vir Chakra

N

N.A.B. — National Apex Body

NABARD — National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development

N.A.E.P. — National Adult Education Programme

NAFEN — Near and Far East News (Agency)

NASA — National Aeronautics and Space Administration (of U.S.A.)

N.A.S.M. — National Agricultural Science Museum

NATO — North Atlantic Treaty Organization

N.A.Y.E. — National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs

N.B.C.C. — National Building Construction Corporation

N.B.P.G.R. — National Bureau of Plant Genetic Research

NCAER — National Council of Applied Economic Research

N.C.C.F. — National Consumer Co-operative Federation

NCERT — National Council of Educational Research and Training

N.C.E.P. — National Committee on Environmental Planning

N.C.D.C. — National Coal Development Corporation

N.C.R. — National Capital Region

NCST — National Committee on Science and Technology

NDA — National Defense Academy

N.F.D.C. — National Film Development Corporation

NIDC — National Industrial Development Corporation

N.I.N. — National Institute of Nutrition

NMDC — National Mineral Development Corporation

N.M.L. — National Metallurgical Laboratory

N.N.D.P. — Naga National Democratic Party

N.P.T. (Nuclear) — Non-Proliferation Treaty

N.R.C.P.B. — National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology

NRSA — National Remote Sensing Agency

N.S.U.I. — National Students Union of India

N.T.C. — National Textile Corporation

N.T.P.C. — National Thermal Power Corporation

O

O.A.S. — Organization of American States

O.A.S.I.S. — Old Age Social and Income Security

O.A.U. — Organization of African Unity

O.E.C.D. — Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development

O.I.C. — Organization of Islamic Conference

O.I.L. — Oil India Limited

O.N.G.C. — Oil and Natural Gas Commission

O.P.E.C. — Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

P

P.A.C. — Public Accounts Committee; Provincial Armed Constabulary

PAFNA — Pan-African News Agency

P.C.C. — Pradesh Congress Committee

P.D.F. — Progressive Democratic Front

P.E.C. — Projects and Equipment Corporation (of India Ltd.)

P.E.T.A. — People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

P.I.B. — Press Information Bureau, Public Investment Board

P.I.N.C. — Postal Index Number Code

P.N.E. — Peaceful Nuclear Explosion

P.O.W. — Prisoner of War

P.S.C. — Public Service Commission

P.T.A. — Pilot less Target Aircraft

P.U.C.L. — People’s Union for Civil Liberties

P.V.C. — Param Vir Chakra

Q

Q.E.D. — Quod Erat Demonstrandum (which was to be proved or demonstrated)

R

R.A.F. — Rapid Action Force

R.B.I. — Reserve Bank of India

R.E.C. — Rural Electrification Corporation

R.G.C.B. — Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology

R.G.C.O.V.A.S. — Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.

R.S.C.B. — Railway Sports Control Board

R.S.V.P. — Respondez s’il vous plait (Fr.) reply if you please

S

S.A.A.R.C. — South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation

S.A.B.A. — South African Black Alliance

SAIL — Steel Authority of India Limited

SALT — Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

S.C. — Security Council/Supreme Court

SCOPE — Standing Conference of Public Enterprises

S.D.R. — Special Drawing Rights

S.E.A.T.O. — South-East Asia Treaty Organization

S.F.A.L.A. — Small Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency

S.F.D.A. — Small Farmers Development Agency

S.G.F.I. — School Games Federation of India

S.E.W.A. — Self Employed Women’s Association

SIDBI — Small Industries Development Bank of India

S.I.T.A. — Studies in Information Technology Applications

SITE — Satellite Instructional Television Experiment

S.L.V. — Satellite Launch Vehicle

S.P.C.A. — Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

S.T.P.I. — Software Technology Parks of India

SUNFED — Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development

S.W.A.P.O. — South-West African People’s Organization

SWIFT — Society for World-wide Financial Telecommunications

T

T.D.A. — Trade Development Authority

TERLS — Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station

TELEX — Teleprinter Exchange

T.T.F.I. — Table Tennis Federation of India

TRYSEM — Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment

TTZ — Taj Trapezium Zone

T.V.A. — Tennese Valley Authority

T.W.A. — Trans World Airlines

U

U.A.E. — United Arab Emirates

U.A.R. — United Arab Republic

U.F.O. — Unidentified Flying Objects

U.L.S.D. — Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel

U.L.S.P. — Ultra Low Sulphur Petrol

U.N.C.T.A.D. — United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

U.N.D.P. — United Nations Development Programme

U.N.E.F. — United Nations Emergency Force

U.N.E.P. — United Nations Environment Programme

U.N.E.S.C.O. — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

U.N.F.I.P — United Nations Fund for International Partnerships

U.N.H.C.R. — United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

U.N.I. — United News of India

U.N.I.C.E.F. — United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

U.N.I.D.O. — United Nations International Development Organization

U.N.I.T.C. — United Nations International Trade Centre

UNLF — Uganda National Liberation Front

U.N.O. — United Nations Organization

U.N.P. — United National Party (Sri Lanka)

U.P.S.C. — Union Public Service Commission

U.S.I.M.E.T.P. — United States International Military Education Training Programme

U.S.S.R. — Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

U.T.I. — Unit Trust of India

V

V.C. — Vice Chancellor; Victoria Cross

V.P.P. — Value Payable Post

V.S.S.C. — Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (at Thumba)

W

W.E.D. — World Environment Day

W.I.P.O — World Intellectual Property Organisation

W.F.P. — World Food Programme

W.F.T.U. — World Federation of Trade Unions

W.H.O. — World Health Organization

W.M.O. — World Meteorological Organization

W.T.O. — World Trade Organization

X

X.M.L. — Extensible Mark up Language

Y

Y.M.C.A. — Young Men’s Christian Association

Y.W.C.A. — Young Women’s Christian Association

Z

Z.S. — Zoological Society